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Антуан Лоран Лавуазье (фр. Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier; 26 тамыз 1743 жыл, Париж — 8 мамыр 1794 жыл, Париж) – XXVIII ғасырда өмір сүрген француз химигі, қазіргі химия ғылымының негізін салушысы. Лавуазье 1778 жылы оттегін ашып, оның атын қойып және оттектің жану процессіндегі ролін айқындаған. 1783 жылы сутегін ашып, 1787 жылы кремнийді болжамдаған. Қазіргі метрикалық жүйенің негізін салып және сол кездегі химиялық номенклатураның реформасын жасаған. 1777 жылы күкірттің тек қана химиялық қосылыстарының құрамында емес, жеке элемент ретінде табиғатта болатынын дәлелдеген. Ғалым массаның сақталу заңын ашқан.
| Антуан Лавуазье | |
| Antoine Laurent Lavoisier | |
 | |
| Туған күні | |
|---|---|
| Туған жері | |
| Қайтыс болған күні | |
| Қайтыс болған жері | |
| Ғылыми аясы | |
| Альма-матер | Париж университеті |
| Қолтаңбасы |
|
| Шығармасы Уикиқайнарда. | |
Дереккөздер
- "He is also considered as the "Father of Modern Nutrition", as being the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body. Lavoisier, Antoine." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 24 шілде 2007.
- In his table of the elements, Lavoisier listed five "salifiable earths" (i.e., ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts (salis = salt, in Latin)): chaux (calcium oxide), magnésie (magnesia, magnesium oxide), baryte (barium sulfate), alumine (alumina, aluminum oxide), and silice (silica, silicon dioxide). About these "elements", Lavoisier speculates: "We are probably only acquainted as yet with a part of the metallic substances existing in nature, as all those which have a stronger affinity to oxygen than carbon possesses, are incapable, hitherto, of being reduced to a metallic state, and consequently, being only presented to our observation under the form of oxyds, are confounded with earths. It is extremely probable that barytes, which we have just now arranged with earths, is in this situation; for in many experiments it exhibits properties nearly approaching to those of metallic bodies. It is even possible that all the substances we call earths may be only metallic oxyds, irreducible by any hitherto known process." – from page 218 of: Lavoisier with Robert Kerr, trans., Elements of Chemistry, ..., 4th ed. (Edinburgh, Scotland: William Creech, 1799). (The original passage appears in: Lavoisier, Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, ... (Paris, France: Cuchet, 1789), vol. 1, page 174.)
- C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Sulfur. Encyclopedia of Earth, eds. A. Jorgensen and C.J.Cleveland, National Council for Science and the environment, Washington DC
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Antuan Loran Lavuaze fr Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier 26 tamyz 1743 zhyl Parizh 8 mamyr 1794 zhyl Parizh XXVIII gasyrda omir sүrgen francuz himigi kazirgi himiya gylymynyn negizin salushysy Lavuaze 1778 zhyly ottegin ashyp onyn atyn kojyp zhәne ottektin zhanu processindegi rolin ajkyndagan 1783 zhyly sutegin ashyp 1787 zhyly kremnijdi bolzhamdagan Қazirgi metrikalyk zhүjenin negizin salyp zhәne sol kezdegi himiyalyk nomenklaturanyn reformasyn zhasagan 1777 zhyly kүkirttin tek kana himiyalyk kosylystarynyn kuramynda emes zheke element retinde tabigatta bolatynyn dәleldegen Ғalym massanyn saktalu zanyn ashkan Antuan LavuazeAntoine Laurent LavoisierTugan kүni26 tamyz 1743 1743 08 26 Tugan zheriParizhҚajtys bolgan kүni8 mamyr 1794 1794 05 08 50 zhas Қajtys bolgan zheriParizhҒylymi ayasyHimiya biologiyaAlma materParizh universitetiҚoltanbasyShygarmasy Uikikajnarda Derekkozder He is also considered as the Father of Modern Nutrition as being the first to discover the metabolism that occurs inside the human body Lavoisier Antoine Encyclopaedia Britannica 2007 Encyclopaedia Britannica Online 24 shilde 2007 In his table of the elements Lavoisier listed five salifiable earths i e ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts salis salt in Latin chaux calcium oxide magnesie magnesia magnesium oxide baryte barium sulfate alumine alumina aluminum oxide and silice silica silicon dioxide About these elements Lavoisier speculates We are probably only acquainted as yet with a part of the metallic substances existing in nature as all those which have a stronger affinity to oxygen than carbon possesses are incapable hitherto of being reduced to a metallic state and consequently being only presented to our observation under the form of oxyds are confounded with earths It is extremely probable that barytes which we have just now arranged with earths is in this situation for in many experiments it exhibits properties nearly approaching to those of metallic bodies It is even possible that all the substances we call earths may be only metallic oxyds irreducible by any hitherto known process from page 218 of Lavoisier with Robert Kerr trans Elements of Chemistry 4th ed Edinburgh Scotland William Creech 1799 The original passage appears in Lavoisier Traite Elementaire de Chimie Paris France Cuchet 1789 vol 1 page 174 C Michael Hogan 2011 Sulfur Encyclopedia of Earth eds A Jorgensen and C J Cleveland National Council for Science and the environment Washington DC