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Нейроғылым (ағылш. Neuroscience) — жүйке жүйесін ғылыми зерттейтін ғылымдар тұтастығы. Бұл физиологияны, анатомияны, молекулалық биологияны, , цитологияны, информатиканы және нейрондар, және іргелі және туынды қасиеттерін түсіндіруге арналған математикалық модельдеулерді өзара біріктіретін жүйесі.Эрик Кандел үйренудің, жадында сақтаудың, , сезінудің және зерденің биологиялық негіздерін түсінуді биологиялық ғылымдарының "эпикалық тәуекелі" (epic challenge) ретінде сипаттаған болатын.
Нейроғылымның ауқымы уақыт өте дамып, жүйке жүйесін әртүрлі масштабта зерттеу үшін қолданылатын түрлі тәсілдерді қамтыды. қолданатын техникалар жеке нейрондардың және жасушалық зерттеулерінен ұлғайып, мидағы , және танымдық міндеттерді дейін кеңейді.
Нейроғылым салалары
| Салалар | Сипаттамасы |
|---|---|
| Сезімдік нейроғылым (кейде Аффективті нейроғылым, Affective neuroscience) - бұл эмоцияға қатысты нейрондық механизмдерді зерттеу болып, кісілік әсер, сезім және көңіл күй секілділерді көзде тұтып зерттеу жүргізеді. | |
| Әрекеттік нейроғылым (Behavioral neuroscience) - , физиологиялық психология, биопсихология, немесе психобиология, тб, биология принциптерін қолданып, адам және жануарлар әрекетінің генетикалық, физиологиялық және даму механизмдерін зерттеу. | |
| Жасуша нейроғылымы (Cellular neuroscience) жасуша деңгейде нейрондарды зерттеу болып, ол морфологиялық және физиологиялық қасиеттерге назар аударады. | |
| The of the biological mechanisms that underlie the disorders and diseases of the . | |
| Таным нейроғылымы | Cognitive neuroscience is the study of the biological mechanisms underlying cognition. |
| Computational neuroscience is the theoretical study of the nervous system. | |
| Cultural neuroscience is the study of how cultural values, practices and beliefs shape and are shaped by the mind, brain and genes across multiple timescales. | |
| Developmental neuroscience studies the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system and seeks to describe the cellular basis of neural development to address underlying mechanisms. | |
| Evolutionary neuroscience studies the evolution of nervous systems. | |
| Molecular neuroscience studies the nervous system with molecular biology, molecular genetics, protein chemistry, and related methodologies. | |
| An interdisciplinary field that integrates nanotechnology and neuroscience. | |
| Neural engineering uses engineering techniques to interact with, understand, repair, replace, or enhance neural systems. | |
| Neuroanatomy is the study of the of . | |
| Neurochemistry is the study of how interact and influence the function of neurons. | |
| Neuroethology is the study of the neural basis of non-human animals behavior. | |
| Neurogastronomy is the study of flavor and how it affects sensation, cognition, and memory. | |
| Neurogenetics is the study of the genetical basis of the development and function of the . | |
| Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure and function of the brain. | |
| Нейроиммунология | Neuroimmunology is concerned with the interactions between the nervous and the immune system. |
| Neuroinformatics is a discipline within bioinformatics that conducts the organization of neuroscience data and application of computational models and analytical tools. | |
| Нейролингвистика | Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension, production, and acquisition of language. |
| Neuro-ophthalmology is an academically-oriented subspecialty that merges the fields of neurology and ophthalmology, often dealing with complex systemic diseases that have manifestations in the visual system. | |
| Neurophysics is the branch of biophysics dealing with the development and use of physical methods to gain information about the nervous system. | |
| Neurophysiology is the study of the structure and function of the nervous system, generally using physiological techniques that include measurement and stimulation with electrodes or optically with ion- or voltage-sensitive dyes or light-sensitive channels. | |
| Neuropsychology is a discipline that resides under the umbrellas of both psychology and neuroscience, and is involved in activities in the arenas of both basic science and applied science. In psychology, it is most closely associated with , , , and . In neuroscience, it is most closely associated with the cognitive, behavioral, social, and affective neuroscience areas. In the applied and medical domain, it is related to neurology and psychiatry. | |
| Paleoneurobiology is a field that combines techniques used in paleontology and archeology to study brain evolution, especially that of the human brain. | |
| Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding how biological systems implement social processes and behavior, and to using biological concepts and methods to inform and refine theories of social processes and behavior. | |
| Systems neuroscience is the study of the function of neural circuits and systems. |
Қазіргі заман нейроғылымы
| Өтініш, осы бөлімді толықтырыңыз. |
Нейроғылымның жаңатехнологиядағы қолданысы
Нейроморфті компьютер чиптері
| Өтініш, осы бөлімді толықтырыңыз. |
Нейроғылым тарихы
| Өтініш, осы бөлімді толықтырыңыз. |
Нейроғылым саласындағы Нобель лауреаттары
| Өтініш, осы бөлімді толықтырыңыз. |
Дереккөздер
- Neuroscience. Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary.
- Kandel Eric R. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition — McGraw-Hill Education, 2012. — P. I. Overall perspective. — ISBN 978-0071390118.
- Ayd Frank J., Jr. Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology and the Neurosciences — Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. — P. 688. — ISBN 978-0781724685.
- Shulman Robert G. Neuroscience: A Multidisciplinary, Multilevel Field // Brain Imaging: What it Can (and Cannot) Tell Us About Consciousness — Oxford University Press. — P. 59. — ISBN 9780199838721.
- Methods in Neuroethological Research — Springer. — P. v. — ISBN 9784431543305.
- Tanner, Kimberly D. (2006-01-01). "Issues in Neuroscience Education: Making Connections". CBE: Life Sciences Education 5 (2): 85. :10.1187/cbe.06-04-0156. 1931-7913. 1618510.
- Kandel Eric R. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition — McGraw-Hill Education, 2012. — P. 5. — ISBN 978-0071390118.
- Panksepp J A role for "affective neuroscience" in understanding stress: the case of separation distress circuitry // Psychobiology of Stress / Puglisi-Allegra S — Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. — P. 41–58. — ISBN 978-0-7923-0682-5.
- Thomas, R.K. (1993). "INTRODUCTION: A Biopsychology Festschrift in Honor of Lelon J. Peacock". Journal of General Psychology. 120 (1): 5.
- Cellular neuroscience - Latest research and news. Nature.
- About Neuroscience.
- About Neuroscience.
- Computational neuroscience - Latest research and news. Nature.
- Chiao, J.Y. & Ambady, N. (2007). Cultural neuroscience: Parsing universality and diversity across levels of analysis. In Kitayama, S. and Cohen, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Cultural Psychology, Guilford Press, New York, pp. 237-254.
- Developmental Neuroscience | Graduate Program in Neuroscience.
- Longstaff, Alan; Revest, Patricia (1998). Molecular Neuroscience. Garland Science. ISBN 978-1859962503.
- Pampaloni, Niccolò Paolo; Giugliano, Michele; Scaini, Denis; Ballerini, Laura; Rauti, Rossana (15 January 2019). "Advances in Nano Neuroscience: From Nanomaterials to Nanotools". Frontiers in Neuroscience 12: 953. :10.3389/fnins.2018.00953. 6341218. 30697140.
- Neural Engineering – EMBS.
- Neuroanatomy - an overview. ScienceDirect Topics.
- Definition of NEUROCHEMISTRY.
- Neurogastronomy : how the brain creates flavor and why it matters. — ISBN 9780231159111.
- Neurogenetics.
- Zhang, Jue; Chen, Kun; Wang, Di; Gao, Fei; Zheng, Yijia; Yang, Mei (2020). "Editorial: Advances of Neuroimaging and Data Analysis". Frontiers in Neurology 11: 257. :10.3389/fneur.2020.00257. 7156609. 32322238.
- Neuroimmunology - Latest research and news. Nature.
- Frontiers in Neuroinformatics.
- Neurolinguistics.
- About Neuroscience.
- Neurophysics at the ION (29 January 2018).
- Neurophysiology // Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions — 2013. — P. 1497–1500. — ISBN 978-1-4020-8264-1.
- Gluck, Mark A.; Mercado, Eduardo; Myers, Catherine E. (2016). Learning and Memory: From Brain to Behavior. New York/NY, USA: Worth Publishers. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-319-15405-9.
- Bruner, Emiliano (2003). "Fossil traces of the human thought: paleoneurology and the evolution of the genus Homo". Journal of Anthropological Sciences 81: 29–56. http://www.emilianobruner.it/pdf/Paleoneuro03.pdf.
- Cacioppo, John T.; Berntson, Gary G.; Decety, Jean (2010). "Social Neuroscience and ITS Relationship to Social Psychology". Social Cognition 28 (6): 675–685. :10.1521/soco.2010.28.6.675. 3883133. 24409007.
- Systems Neuroscience.
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Nejrogylym agylsh Neuroscience zhүjke zhүjesin gylymi zerttejtin gylymdar tutastygy Bul fiziologiyany anatomiyany molekulalyk biologiyany citologiyany informatikany zhәne nejrondar zhәne irgeli zhәne tuyndy kasietterin tүsindiruge arnalgan matematikalyk modeldeulerdi ozara biriktiretin zhүjesi Erik Kandel үjrenudin zhadynda saktaudyn sezinudin zhәne zerdenin biologiyalyk negizderin tүsinudi biologiyalyk gylymdarynyn epikalyk tәuekeli epic challenge retinde sipattagan bolatyn Kogershin miyndagy nejrondar Santyago Ramon i Kahal 1899 Nejrogylymnyn aukymy uakyt ote damyp zhүjke zhүjesin әrtүrli masshtabta zertteu үshin koldanylatyn tүrli tәsilderdi kamtydy koldanatyn tehnikalar zheke nejrondardyn zhәne zhasushalyk zertteulerinen ulgajyp midagy zhәne tanymdyk mindetterdi dejin kenejdi Nejrogylym salalaryBasty nejrogylym salalarynyn tizimi Salalar SipattamasySezimdik nejrogylym kejde Affektivti nejrogylym Affective neuroscience bul emociyaga katysty nejrondyk mehanizmderdi zertteu bolyp kisilik әser sezim zhәne konil kүj sekildilerdi kozde tutyp zertteu zhүrgizedi Әrekettik nejrogylym Behavioral neuroscience fiziologiyalyk psihologiya biopsihologiya nemese psihobiologiya tb biologiya principterin koldanyp adam zhәne zhanuarlar әreketinin genetikalyk fiziologiyalyk zhәne damu mehanizmderin zertteu Zhasusha nejrogylymy Cellular neuroscience zhasusha dengejde nejrondardy zertteu bolyp ol morfologiyalyk zhәne fiziologiyalyk kasietterge nazar audarady The of the biological mechanisms that underlie the disorders and diseases of the Tanym nejrogylymy Cognitive neuroscience is the study of the biological mechanisms underlying cognition Computational neuroscience is the theoretical study of the nervous system Cultural neuroscience is the study of how cultural values practices and beliefs shape and are shaped by the mind brain and genes across multiple timescales Developmental neuroscience studies the processes that generate shape and reshape the nervous system and seeks to describe the cellular basis of neural development to address underlying mechanisms Evolutionary neuroscience studies the evolution of nervous systems Molecular neuroscience studies the nervous system with molecular biology molecular genetics protein chemistry and related methodologies An interdisciplinary field that integrates nanotechnology and neuroscience Neural engineering uses engineering techniques to interact with understand repair replace or enhance neural systems Neuroanatomy is the study of the of Neurochemistry is the study of how interact and influence the function of neurons Neuroethology is the study of the neural basis of non human animals behavior Neurogastronomy is the study of flavor and how it affects sensation cognition and memory Neurogenetics is the study of the genetical basis of the development and function of the Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure and function of the brain Nejroimmunologiya Neuroimmunology is concerned with the interactions between the nervous and the immune system Neuroinformatics is a discipline within bioinformatics that conducts the organization of neuroscience data and application of computational models and analytical tools Nejrolingvistika Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the comprehension production and acquisition of language Neuro ophthalmology is an academically oriented subspecialty that merges the fields of neurology and ophthalmology often dealing with complex systemic diseases that have manifestations in the visual system Neurophysics is the branch of biophysics dealing with the development and use of physical methods to gain information about the nervous system Neurophysiology is the study of the structure and function of the nervous system generally using physiological techniques that include measurement and stimulation with electrodes or optically with ion or voltage sensitive dyes or light sensitive channels Neuropsychology is a discipline that resides under the umbrellas of both psychology and neuroscience and is involved in activities in the arenas of both basic science and applied science In psychology it is most closely associated with and In neuroscience it is most closely associated with the cognitive behavioral social and affective neuroscience areas In the applied and medical domain it is related to neurology and psychiatry Paleoneurobiology is a field that combines techniques used in paleontology and archeology to study brain evolution especially that of the human brain Social neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field devoted to understanding how biological systems implement social processes and behavior and to using biological concepts and methods to inform and refine theories of social processes and behavior Systems neuroscience is the study of the function of neural circuits and systems Қazirgi zaman nejrogylymyӨtinish osy bolimdi tolyktyrynyz Қaterli otbasylyk bar naukas basynyn parasagittaldyNejrogylymnyn zhanatehnologiyadagy koldanysyNejromorfti kompyuter chipteri Өtinish osy bolimdi tolyktyrynyz Nejrogylym tarihyӨtinish osy bolimdi tolyktyrynyz Nejrogylym salasyndagy Nobel laureattaryӨtinish osy bolimdi tolyktyrynyz DerekkozderNeuroscience Merriam Webster Medical Dictionary Kandel Eric R Principles of Neural Science Fifth Edition McGraw Hill Education 2012 P I Overall perspective ISBN 978 0071390118 Ayd Frank J Jr Lexicon of Psychiatry Neurology and the Neurosciences Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins P 688 ISBN 978 0781724685 Shulman Robert G Neuroscience A Multidisciplinary Multilevel Field Brain Imaging What it Can and Cannot Tell Us About Consciousness Oxford University Press P 59 ISBN 9780199838721 Methods in Neuroethological Research Springer P v ISBN 9784431543305 Tanner Kimberly D 2006 01 01 Issues in Neuroscience Education Making Connections CBE Life Sciences Education 5 2 85 10 1187 cbe 06 04 0156 1931 7913 1618510 Kandel Eric R Principles of Neural Science Fifth Edition McGraw Hill Education 2012 P 5 ISBN 978 0071390118 Panksepp J A role for affective neuroscience in understanding stress the case of separation distress circuitry Psychobiology of Stress Puglisi Allegra S Dordrecht Netherlands Kluwer Academic P 41 58 ISBN 978 0 7923 0682 5 Thomas R K 1993 INTRODUCTION A Biopsychology Festschrift in Honor of Lelon J Peacock Journal of General Psychology 120 1 5 Cellular neuroscience Latest research and news Nature About Neuroscience About Neuroscience Computational neuroscience Latest research and news Nature Chiao J Y amp Ambady N 2007 Cultural neuroscience Parsing universality and diversity across levels of analysis In Kitayama S and Cohen D Eds Handbook of Cultural Psychology Guilford Press New York pp 237 254 Developmental Neuroscience Graduate Program in Neuroscience Longstaff Alan Revest Patricia 1998 Molecular Neuroscience Garland Science ISBN 978 1859962503 Pampaloni Niccolo Paolo Giugliano Michele Scaini Denis Ballerini Laura Rauti Rossana 15 January 2019 Advances in Nano Neuroscience From Nanomaterials to Nanotools Frontiers in Neuroscience 12 953 10 3389 fnins 2018 00953 6341218 30697140 Neural Engineering EMBS Neuroanatomy an overview ScienceDirect Topics Definition of NEUROCHEMISTRY Neurogastronomy how the brain creates flavor and why it matters ISBN 9780231159111 Neurogenetics Zhang Jue Chen Kun Wang Di Gao Fei Zheng Yijia Yang Mei 2020 Editorial Advances of Neuroimaging and Data Analysis Frontiers in Neurology 11 257 10 3389 fneur 2020 00257 7156609 32322238 Neuroimmunology Latest research and news Nature Frontiers in Neuroinformatics Neurolinguistics About Neuroscience Neurophysics at the ION 29 January 2018 Neurophysiology Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions 2013 P 1497 1500 ISBN 978 1 4020 8264 1 Gluck Mark A Mercado Eduardo Myers Catherine E 2016 Learning and Memory From Brain to Behavior New York NY USA Worth Publishers p 57 ISBN 978 1 319 15405 9 Bruner Emiliano 2003 Fossil traces of the human thought paleoneurology and the evolution of the genus Homo Journal of Anthropological Sciences 81 29 56 http www emilianobruner it pdf Paleoneuro03 pdf Cacioppo John T Berntson Gary G Decety Jean 2010 Social Neuroscience and ITS Relationship to Social Psychology Social Cognition 28 6 675 685 10 1521 soco 2010 28 6 675 3883133 24409007 Systems Neuroscience